1) University of Vermont
2) University of Oregon
3) Boston University
4) University of California
Explanation:
A research team at the University of California, Riverside(UCR) has found that electronic cigarettes(e-cigarettes-ECs) damage brain cells. The team found that e-cigarettes, often targeted at youth and pregnant women produce a stress response in neural stem cells, which are critical cells in the brain.e-cigarettes deliver nicotine and flavour chemicals through heating to these stem cells, placing them into a state of “stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion”(SIMH) which can lead to cell death or disease after chronic use.